Gene expression is negatively regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which commonly act as tumor oncogenes or suppressors. Previous results were inconsistent concerning the relationship between polymorphisms in miRNAs and risk of urological neoplasms. Here, we conducted a comprehensive literature research on diverse databases aiming at enrolling all eligible studies up to August 31, 2016. A total of 13 publications comprising 29 case-control studies were enrolled for three polymorphisms in three miRNAs. Overall analyses suggested significant associations between miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism and urological neoplasms risk in allelic, homozygote and recessive models. In the stratified analysis by ethnicity, we uncovered a significant association between rs2910164 polymorphism and risk of urological neoplasms in Asian populations in allelic, homozygote and recessive models. Highlighted, when stratified analysis was conducted by cancer type, rs2910164 polymorphism was also significantly associated with an increased risk of bladder cancer in allelic, homozygote and recessive models. Although for rs11614913 and rs3746444 polymorphisms, overall analyses suggested negative results, for rs11614913 polymorphism, when subgroup analysis was conducted by cancer type, a significantly decreased risk of renal cell cancer was identified in recessive model. In brief, current work indicated that miR-146a rs2910164 polymorphism is a risk factor for urological neoplasms, particularly for bladder cancer.