Translucency of IPS e.max and cubic zirconia monolithic crowns

Abstract

Statement of problem: Although several monolithic zirconia ceramics have recently been introduced, the need for improved optical properties remains. The newest cubic-zirconia has been claimed to have optimal translucency characteristics for esthetic restorations.

Purpose: This in vitro study evaluated the optical properties of novel cubic ultratranslucent (UT) and supertranslucent (ST) zirconia by comparing them with lithium disilicate (L-DIS) glass-ceramic for the manufacture of monolithic computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) molar crowns.

Material and methods: The UT and ST multilayered zirconia and the low-translucency grade L-DIS were milled. Eighty monolithic crowns were made from 2 CAD files, corresponding to thicknesses of 1.0 and 1.5 mm, and subdivided (n=20) into 4 groups: UT1.0, UT1.5, ST1.0, and L-DIS1.5. All groups were shaded using A2 color standard. Translucency of the crowns was measured by total transmission, using a photoradiometer in a dark chamber; furthermore, the contrast ratio was analyzed using a dental spectrophotometer applied to the buccal surface of the crowns. Data were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc multiple Mann-Whitney U tests with Bonferroni correction (α=.05 divided by the number of tests performed in each set).

Results: When the ceramic types were analyzed, using total transmission and contrast methods, they showed significantly different translucency levels: UT1.0>ST1.0>UT1.5>L-DIS1.5 (total transmission P<.001). Contrast ratio evaluation yielded similar results (P≤.006); however, the differences between ST1.0 and UT1.5 were not significant.

Conclusions: Both the ST1.0 and UT1.0 crowns, even at the maximum thickness tested (UT1.5), showed significantly higher translucency than L-DIS. Zirconia translucency was improved by eliminating the tetragonal phase, which is responsible for the toughening effect; thus, further studies are advocated to investigate the mechanical resistance of cubic zirconia.