Effects of MicroRNA on Regulatory T Cells and Implications for Adoptive Cellular Therapy to Ameliorate Graft-versus-Host Disease

Front Immunol. 2018 Jan 31:9:57. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00057. eCollection 2018.

Abstract

Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are key mediators of the immune system. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a family of ~22 nucleotide non-coding RNAs that are processed from longer precursors by the RNases Drosha and Dicer. miRNA regulates protein expression posttranscriptionally through mRNA destabilization or translational silencing. A critical role for miRNA in Treg function was initially discovered when both Dicer and Drosha knockout (KO) mice were found to develop a fatal autoimmune disease phenotypically similar to Foxp3 KO mice.

Keywords: graft-versus-host disease; iTreg; microRNA; regulatory T cell; tTreg.

Publication types

  • Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural
  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Differentiation
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Gene Expression Regulation
  • Graft vs Host Disease / etiology*
  • Graft vs Host Disease / therapy
  • Immunotherapy, Adoptive*
  • Mice
  • MicroRNAs / genetics*
  • RNA Interference
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / cytology
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / immunology*
  • T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory / metabolism*

Substances

  • MicroRNAs