Background: The rate of blood pressure (BP) control in adult hypertensive patients is poor and the reasons for poor control of BP pressure are not fully understood globally. This study aimed to assess the rate and factors associated with BP control in adult hypertensive patients in Sudan.
Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in adult hypertensive Sudanese patients at Gadarif Hospital in eastern Sudan from November 2016 to March 2017. Information on sociodemographic characteristics of the participants, comorbidities, antihypertensive medication, and adherence to antihypertensive medication was gathered from patients using a questionnaire. Fasting cholesterol and triglyceride levels were measured.
Results: A total of 380 patients were enrolled. Of them, 234 (61.6%) were women. The mean (SD) age of the participants was 57.8 (11.1) years (range: 25-93 years). Over one-third (n = 147, 38.7%) of the participants were taking more than one antihypertensive medication. Approximately one-third (29.5%) of the participants were non-adherent to medication. The rate of BP control was 45.3%. In binary logistic regression analyses, age, sex, physical inactivity, adding salt to food, drinking coffee, body mass index, and the lipid profile were not associated with uncontrolled BP. However, non-adherence to medication was the main factor associated with uncontrolled BP (odds ratio = 5.29, 95% confidence interval = 3.16-8.83, P < 0.001).
Conclusions: Almost half of hypertensive patients in follow-up have uncontrolled BP, mainly due to non-adherence to medicine. We recommend further research on drug adherence to improve the rate of BP control in this setting (Gadarif) of the Sudan.
Keywords: Adherence; Controlled blood pressure; Dyslipidemia; Hypertension; Sudan.