Monomer release from orthodontic retentions: An in vitro study

Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop. 2018 Feb;153(2):248-254. doi: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2017.06.021.

Abstract

Introduction: The adhesives used to bond orthodontic retentions are low-loaded composite resins with a resinous matrix containing bisphenol A diglycidyl ether dimethacrylate synthesized from bisphenol A (BPA), fluidizers such as triethylene glycol dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) and hydrophilic polymers such as hydroxyethylmethacrylate. BPA disrupts the endocrine balance, and TEGDMA has high risks for human health: eg, allergies and cytotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate in vitro the release of monomers from orthodontic bonded retentions.

Methods: A reproducible model of bonded retentions was carried out using calibrated molds. We analyzed the release of monomers by gas phase chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry.

Results: This model allowed us to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate the in-vitro release of monomers from orthodontic adhesives. The quantitative and qualitative analyses showed no BPA release above the 0.02 ppm detection limit. A greater release of TEGDMA was observed with Transbond LR (31.7 μg/mL) than with Transbond XT (13.12 μg/mL) (both, 3M Unitek, Monrovia, Calif). Other toxic components (iodobenzene, iodobiphenyl, triphenyl stibine, and so on) were also identified.

Conclusions: Toxic and carcinogenic molecules not mentioned in the material safety data sheets were identified.

MeSH terms

  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
  • Dental Cements / adverse effects
  • Dental Cements / chemistry
  • Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry
  • Humans
  • In Vitro Techniques
  • Orthodontic Retainers* / adverse effects
  • Peptides / adverse effects
  • Peptides / analysis*

Substances

  • Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides
  • Dental Cements
  • Peptides
  • biphenomycin A