Rationale: This is a rare case of mediastinal typical carcinoid tumor with elevated parathyroid hormone (PTH) and hypercalcemia detected by Tc -methoxy-isobutyl-isonitrile(Tc-MIBI) single photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography (SPECT/CT) imaging.
Patient concerns: A 65-year-old male patient presented with hypercalcemia and elevated PTH.
Diagnoses: The preoperative diagnosis was ectopic parathyroid adenoma in the right superior mediastinum.
Interventions: We performed endoscopic removal of the mass in the superior mediastinum.
Outcomes: Histopathology and immunohistochemistry revealed typical carcinoid.
Lessons: The differential diagnosis of mediastinal tumors with elevated PTH detected by Tc-MIBI dual-phase imaging should include ectopic parathyroid adenoma as well as carcinoid.
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