Background: Alemtuzumab, approved for multiple sclerosis (MS), can cause secondary autoimmune adverse events including thyroid disorders, immune thrombocytopenia (ITP), and glomerular nephropathies. Non-ITP autoimmune cytopenias are rarely reported.
Objective: To report a case of autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and nephropathy in a MS patient treated with alemtuzumab.
Case report: A 34-year-old man with MS developed albuminuria and AIHA after the first and only alemtuzumab treatment, with positive Coombs' direct and indirect tests and IgG autoantibodies. Both AIHA and nephropathy resolved 1 month after treatment with steroids and intravenous immunoglobulins.
Conclusion: Our report adds to literature on AIHA and nephropathy after alemtuzumab treatment and suggests to add Coombs' tests to the screening panel required for alemtuzumab treatment.
Keywords: Multiple sclerosis; albuminuria; alemtuzumab; autoimmune hemolytic anemia; glomerular nephropathy.