Stable Light-Emitting Diodes Using Phase-Pure Ruddlesden-Popper Layered Perovskites

Hsinhan Tsai; Wanyi Nie; Jean-Christophe Blancon; Constantinos C Stoumpos; Chan Myae Myae Soe; Jinkyoung Yoo; Jared Crochet; Sergei Tretiak; Jacky Even; Aditya Sadhanala; Giovanni Azzellino; Roberto Brenes; Pulickel M Ajayan; Vladimir Bulović; Samuel D Stranks; Richard H Friend; Mercouri G Kanatzidis; Aditya D Mohite

doi:10.1002/adma.201704217

Stable Light-Emitting Diodes Using Phase-Pure Ruddlesden-Popper Layered Perovskites

Adv Mater. 2018 Feb;30(6). doi: 10.1002/adma.201704217. Epub 2018 Jan 3.

Authors

Hsinhan Tsai^{1

2}, Wanyi Nie¹, Jean-Christophe Blancon¹, Constantinos C Stoumpos³, Chan Myae Myae Soe³, Jinkyoung Yoo⁴, Jared Crochet⁵, Sergei Tretiak⁴, Jacky Even⁶, Aditya Sadhanala⁷, Giovanni Azzellino⁸, Roberto Brenes⁸, Pulickel M Ajayan², Vladimir Bulović⁸, Samuel D Stranks^{7

8}, Richard H Friend⁷, Mercouri G Kanatzidis³, Aditya D Mohite¹

Affiliations

¹ Materials Physics and Application Division(MPA-11), Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
² Department of Materials Science and Nanoengineering, Rice University, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.
³ Department of Chemistry, Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA.
⁴ Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies(CINT), Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
⁵ Physical Chemistry and Applied Spectroscopy(C-PCS), Los Alamos National Laboratory, P.O. Box 1663, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA.
⁶ Fonctions Optiques pour les Technologies de l'Information, FOTON UMR 6082, CNRS, INSA de Rennes, 35708, Rennes, France.
⁷ Cavendish Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK.
⁸ Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.

PMID: 29314326
DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704217

Abstract

State-of-the-art light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are made from high-purity alloys of III-V semiconductors, but high fabrication cost has limited their widespread use for large area solid-state lighting. Here, efficient and stable LEDs processed from solution with tunable color enabled by using phase-pure 2D Ruddlesden-Popper (RP) halide perovskites with a formula (CH₃ (CH₂ )₃ NH₃ )₂ (CH₃ NH₃ )_n_-1 Pb_n I₃_n₊₁ are reported. By using vertically oriented thin films that facilitate efficient charge injection and transport, efficient electroluminescence with a radiance of 35 W Sr^-1 cm^-2 at 744 nm with an ultralow turn-on voltage of 1 V is obtained. Finally, operational stability tests suggest that phase purity is strongly correlated to stability. Phase-pure 2D perovskites exhibit >14 h of stable operation at peak operating conditions with no droop at current densities of several Amperes cm^-2 in comparison to mixtures of 2D/3D or 3D perovskites, which degrade within minutes.

Keywords: LEDs; Ruddlesden-Popper layered perovskites; color tunability; crystal orientation.