The Relationship Between Risk Perception and Frequency of HIV Testing Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women, Lima, Peru

AIDS Behav. 2018 Jul;22(Suppl 1):26-34. doi: 10.1007/s10461-017-2018-9.

Abstract

HIV infections in Peru are concentrated among men who have sex with men (MSM) and transgender women (TW). HIV testing rates among them remain low, delaying entrance into care. We assessed the prevalence of frequent HIV testing (at least every 6 months) and associated factors among 310 MSM and TW who attend sexual health clinics in Lima, Peru, and who reported that they were HIV seronegative or unaware of their status. Only 39% of participants tested frequently, and 22% had never tested; 29% reported that they were at low or no risk for acquiring HIV. Reporting low or no risk for acquiring HIV was associated with frequent testing (adjusted prevalence ratio [aPR] = 1.53, 95% CI 1.13-2.08); those reporting unprotected anal sex were less likely to test frequently (aPR = 0.66, 95% CI 0.50-0.87). HIV prevalence was 12% and did not vary by risk perception categories. This at-risk population tests infrequently and may not understand the risk of having unprotected sex.

Las infecciones por el VIH en el Perú se concentran entre hombres-que-tienen-sexo-con-hombres (HSH) y mujeres transgénero (MT). El tamizaje de VIH entre ellos se mantiene bajo, retrasando la atención y el cuidado. Se evaluó la prevalencia de “tamizaje frecuente” para VIH (hacerse la prueba al menos cada 6 meses) y factores asociados en 310 HSH/MT que se atendieron en clínicas de salud sexual en Lima, Perú, y reportaron ser VIH-negativo o desconocer su status. Sólo 39% de los participantes reportaron tamizaje frecuente y 22% nunca se realizó una prueba de VIH. 29% reportó sentirse en bajo riesgo o no sentirse en riesgo de adquirir VIH. Reportar bajo o ningún riesgo de contraer VIH estuvo asociado al tamizaje frecuente (razón de prevalencia ajustada [RPa]: 1,53; IC del 95%: 1.13 a 2.8); Reportar sexo anal sin protección disminuye el tamizaje frecuente (RPa: 0,66; IC del 95%: 0,50–0,87). La prevalencia total de VIH fue 12% y no varió según las categorías de percepción de riesgo. Esta población en riesgo no se realiza tamizaje frecuentemente y quizá no comprenden el riesgo de tener sexo sin protección.

Keywords: HIV; HIV testing; MSM; Peru; Risk perception.

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Female
  • HIV Infections / diagnosis*
  • HIV Infections / transmission
  • Health Services Research
  • Homosexuality, Male / psychology*
  • Homosexuality, Male / statistics & numerical data
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Mass Screening / statistics & numerical data*
  • Needs Assessment
  • Patient Acceptance of Health Care / statistics & numerical data*
  • Peru / epidemiology
  • Prevalence
  • Risk Factors
  • Transgender Persons / psychology*
  • Transgender Persons / statistics & numerical data
  • Unsafe Sex / statistics & numerical data*
  • Young Adult