Primary aldosteronism (PA) is associated with objectively measured lower physical fitness and blunted response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system to exercise. The purpose of this pilot study was to objectively measure exercise response of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and cardiopulmonary fitness changes after laparoscopic adrenalectomy (ADE) in patients with unilateral PA. We examined a total of 14 patients with confirmed PA before and after ADE, by means of spiroergometry and hormonal evaluation. As expected, after adrenalectomy basal aldosterone (Aldo) levels before exercise decreased significantly, with a concomitant increase in plasma renin (PR). The increase in Aldo (285.9+/-171.3 to 434.1+/-278.2 ng/l; p=0.02) and blunted increase in PR (7.1+/-0.4 to 8.9+/-10.4 pg/ml; NS) post-exercise before ADE became significant after ADE Aldo post-ADE (46.8+/-18.8 to 106.5+/-68.1 ng/l; p<0.0001) and PR post-ADE (20.1+/-14.5 to 33.9+/-30.7 pg/ml; p=0.014). After adrenalectomy, the patients had a non-significant increase in peak workload and VO(2peak). We found normalization of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system response to exercise with little changes in cardiopulmonary fitness six months after ADE.