The fetal liver is the site of a major expansion of the hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) pool and is also a privileged organ to study megakaryocyte progenitor differentiation. We identified in the mouse fetal liver at day 13.5 a discrete stromal cell population harboring a CD45-TER119-CD31-CD51+VCAM-1+PDGFRα- (V+P-) phenotype that lacked colony-forming unit fibroblast activity and harbored an hepatocyte progenitor signature. This previously undescribed V+P- population efficiently supported megakaryocyte production from mouse bone marrow HSC and human peripheral blood HSC-myeloid progenitors cultured in the presence of limited cytokine concentrations. Megakaryocytes obtained in V+P- cocultures were polyploid, positive for CD41/CD42c, and efficiently produced proplatelets. Megakaryocyte production appeared to be mediated by an expansion of the progenitor compartment through HSC-stromal cell contact. In conclusion, the fetal liver contains a unique cellular microenvironment that could represent a platform for the discovery of regulators of megakaryopoiesis.