[Complementarity between randomised controlled trials and observational registries : the example of cardiovascular prevention with SGLT2 inhibitors]

Rev Med Liege. 2017 Dec;72(12):563-568.
[Article in French]

Abstract

Evidence-based medicine (EBM) is mainly supported by the results of randomised controlled trials (RCTs). If the latter offer guarantees of reliability, especially by minimizing the influence of confounding factors and potential biases, they also have limitations. Observational databases resulting from real life registries, if possible build in a prospective manner, may offer some solutions, but are also exposed to limitations. This article compares the advantages and disadvantages of the two sources of information, which ideally should be complementary. For the purpose of illustration, we shall compare the recent results of RCTs and of observational databases from multinational registries that investigated the effects of sodium-glucose cotransporter type 2 inhibitors (gliflozins) on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

La médecine factuelle (médecine basée sur les preuves ou EBM) se fonde, essentiellement, sur les résultats des essais cliniques contrôlés. Si ceux-ci offrent des garanties de fiabilité, notamment en minimisant l’influence des facteurs de confusion et des biais potentiels, ils ont également leurs limites. Les bases de données observationnelles, disponibles dans des registres de vraie vie, si possible prospectifs, peuvent apporter certaines solutions, mais sont exposées à d’autres limitations. Cet article compare les avantages et inconvénients des deux sources d’information qui, idéalement, doivent être complémentaires. La discussion des études des deux types, récemment publiées à propos de la protection cardiovasculaire apportée par les inhibiteurs des co-transporteurs sodium-glucose de type 2 (SGLT2 ou gliflozines) chez des patients diabétiques de type 2, sera prise comme exemple pour illustrer le propos.

Keywords: Controlled clinical trial; Evidence; Observational study; Registry; SGLT2 inhibitor; Type 2 diabetes; Cardiovascular protection; based medicine.

Publication types

  • Comparative Study

MeSH terms

  • Cardiovascular Diseases / epidemiology
  • Cardiovascular Diseases / prevention & control
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy
  • Evidence-Based Practice / methods
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / therapeutic use
  • Observational Studies as Topic* / statistics & numerical data
  • Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic* / statistics & numerical data
  • Registries* / standards
  • Registries* / statistics & numerical data
  • Reproducibility of Results
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors

Substances

  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Sodium-Glucose Transporter 2 Inhibitors