Background: Few studies in Japan use clustering to examine the work attitudes of pharmacists. This study conducts an exploratory analysis to classify those attitudes based on previous studies to help staff pharmacists and their management to understand their mutually beneficial requirements.
Methods: Survey data collected in previous studies from 1 228 community pharmacists and 419 hospital pharmacists were analyzed using Quantification Theory 3 and clustering.
Results: Among community pharmacists, two clusters, namely 30- to 34-year-old married males and married males aged over 35 years, reported the highest job satisfaction, intending to remain in their jobs for 5 years or more or until retirement. Conversely, one cluster of 35- to 39-year-old single females reported the lowest job satisfaction and intended to remain for less than 5 years or were undecided. Among hospital pharmacists, one cluster of 22- to 25-year-old single males reported the highest job satisfaction and intended to remain for more than 5 years. Conversely, one cluster of 30- to 34-year-old married males reported the lowest job satisfaction and a period of working undetermined.
Conclusions: This study used clustering to explore how pharmacists of different ages, marital statuses, and experience felt regarding their work. Job satisfaction and human relationships are significant in considering future work plans of practicing pharmacists. Pharmacy staff, supervisors, and managers of community or hospital pharmacies must recognize features of pharmacists' work attitudes for offering high-quality service to patients.
Keywords: cluster analysis; community pharmacist; hospital pharmacist; job satisfaction; pharmacist survey; work attitude.