Genetic Predisposition to High Blood Pressure and Lifestyle Factors: Associations With Midlife Blood Pressure Levels and Cardiovascular Events

Raha Pazoki; Abbas Dehghan; Evangelos Evangelou; Helen Warren; He Gao; Mark Caulfield; Paul Elliott; Ioanna Tzoulaki

doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030898

Genetic Predisposition to High Blood Pressure and Lifestyle Factors: Associations With Midlife Blood Pressure Levels and Cardiovascular Events

Circulation. 2018 Feb 13;137(7):653-661. doi: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030898. Epub 2017 Dec 18.

Authors

Raha Pazoki¹, Abbas Dehghan^{1

2}, Evangelos Evangelou^{1

3}, Helen Warren^{4

5}, He Gao^{1

2}, Mark Caulfield^{4

5}, Paul Elliott^{6

2}, Ioanna Tzoulaki^{1

2

3}

Affiliations

¹ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., A.D., E.E., H.G., P.E., I.T.).
² MRC-PHE Centre for Environment, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (A.D., H.G., P.E., I.T.).
³ Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, University of Ioannina Medical School, Greece (E.E., I.T.).
⁴ William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (H.W., M.C.).
⁵ National Institute for Health Research, Barts Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Center, Queen Mary University of London, United Kingdom (H.W., M.C.).
⁶ Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (R.P., A.D., E.E., H.G., P.E., I.T.) p.elliott@imperial.ac.uk itzoulak@cc.uoi.gr.

PMID: 29254930
DOI: 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.117.030898

Abstract

Background: High blood pressure (BP) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Both heritable and lifestyle risk factors contribute to elevated BP levels. We aimed to investigate the extent to which lifestyle factors could offset the effect of an adverse BP genetic profile and its effect on CVD risk.

Methods: We constructed a genetic risk score for high BP by using 314 published BP loci in 277 005 individuals without previous CVD from the UK Biobank study, a prospective cohort of individuals aged 40 to 69 years, with a median of 6.11 years of follow-up. We scored participants according to their lifestyle factors including body mass index, healthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, alcohol consumption, smoking, and urinary sodium excretion levels measured at recruitment. We examined the association between tertiles of genetic risk and tertiles of lifestyle score with BP levels and incident CVD by using linear regression and Cox regression models, respectively.

Results: Healthy lifestyle score was strongly associated with BP (P<10^-320) for systolic and diastolic BP and CVD events regardless of the underlying BP genetic risk. Participants with a favorable in comparison with an unfavorable lifestyle (bottom versus top tertile lifestyle score) had 3.6, 3.5, and 3.6 mm Hg lower systolic BP in low, middle, and high genetic risk groups, respectively (P for interaction=0.0006). Similarly, favorable in comparison with unfavorable lifestyle showed 30%, 33%, and 31% lower risk of CVD among participants in low, middle, and high genetic risk groups, respectively (P for interaction=0.99).

Conclusions: Our data further support population-wide efforts to lower BP in the population via lifestyle modification. The advantages and disadvantages of disclosing genetic predisposition to high BP for risk stratification needs careful evaluation.

Keywords: blood pressure; cardiovascular diseases; genetic predisposition to disease; genetics; healthy lifestyle; risk.

Publication types

Clinical Trial
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Blood Pressure / genetics*
Body Mass Index*
Diet, Healthy*
Female
Follow-Up Studies
Genetic Loci*
Genetic Predisposition to Disease*
Humans
Hypertension / genetics
Hypertension / physiopathology
Life Style*
Male
Middle Aged
Risk Factors

Abstract

Publication types

MeSH terms

Grants and funding