Patients with newly diagnosed chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) usually received as first-line treatment a first- or second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI). Although initial responses are high, therapy fails in up to 40% of patients and initial response is lost within 2 years in approximately 25% of patients. In the last few years, intensive efforts have been spent to explain treatment failure, and different mechanisms of resistance have been identified, ranging from BCR-ABL1 kinase domain mutations to lack of adherence to therapy. In this review, we briefly summarize the clinical efficacy of approved TKIs and describe the main mechanisms of TKI resistance.
Keywords: Chronic myeloid leukemia; Mechanisms of TKI resistance; Tyrosine kinase inhibitors.