Introducing problem-based learning into a Canadian-accredited Middle Eastern educational setting

Abstract

Background and purpose: Adaption of active learning strategies into new cultures and contexts requires careful consideration to maximize effectiveness and meet intended objectives. The aim of this paper was to describe the adaption and implementation of problem-based learning (PBL) within a pharmacy curriculum in a Middle Eastern context.

Educational activity and setting: PBL was implemented into the curriculum at Qatar University in 2014 and expanded in subsequent years to include differing courses and contexts. The process was blueprinted to align with international accreditation standards. A SWOC (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Challenges) analysis was completed to identify cultural and contextual facilitators and barriers regarding implementation and achievement of target outcomes.

Findings: Strengths included novelty, enhancement of learning, engagement, and accreditation alignment. Weaknesses included student preparation and buy in, facilitation inconsistency, and logistical support. Opportunities included expansion, departmental support, timing, and congruency with practice skills. Challenges included student resistance, departmental engagement, assessment, expansion, and cultural norms in teaching and learning.

Discussion and summary: PBL provided benefit but also presented many cultural and contextual challenges of adaption from Western settings. Future work should focus addressing these cultural factors, to promote effectiveness of PBL as an active learning strategy.

Keywords: Education; Learning; Medical education; Pharmacy; Problem-based learning.