Ankle-brachial pressure index as a predictor of the 2-year outcome after transcatheter aortic valve replacement: data from the Japanese OCEAN-TAVI Registry

Heart Vessels. 2018 Jun;33(6):640-650. doi: 10.1007/s00380-017-1096-y. Epub 2017 Dec 11.

Abstract

Peripheral artery disease plays a pivotal role for access site selection in transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). Abnormal ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a generalized mortality marker in many cardiovascular scenarios. However, the long-term outcomes in high-risk TAVR populations remain unclear. We investigated the association between low ABI and 2-year outcome after TAVR. Of 1613 patients enrolled in the OCEAN-TAVI registry, 1458 (90.4%) who underwent ABI before TAVR were divided into groups: patients with (1) ABI ≥ 0.9 in both legs and (2) ABI < 0.9 in either leg. Primary endpoint was all-cause death within 2 years. ABI < 0.9 was noted in 304 patients (20.8%). ABI < 0.9-group had more frequent and severe comorbidities. Primary endpoint in ABI < 0.9-group was significantly higher than that in ABI ≥ 0.9-group (15.8 vs. 8.7%, p < 0.001). This trend continued in the transfemoral (TF)-approach (14.9 vs. 7.5%, p < 0.001), but not in the alternative approach (17.2 vs. 15.8%, p = 0.815). Within 30 days, ABI < 0.9-group had a higher cardiac death rate (3.1 vs. 1.0%, p = 0.033), whereas between 31 days and 2 years, non-cardiovascular death was more frequently observed (9.2 vs. 5.1%, p = 0.003). In ABI < 0.9-group, in-hospital vascular complications (11.9 vs. 4.9%, p < 0.001) and acute kidney injury (10.8 vs, 5.7%, p = 0.009) were more frequently found when using the transfemoral-approach. In multivariate analysis, ABI < 0.9 was an independent predictor of 2-year mortality (adjusted hazard ratio 1.495, 95% CI 1.007-2.220, p = 0.046). Pre-procedure ABI < 0.9 is a useful prognostic marker for all-cause mortality, even in high-risk TAVR populations.

Keywords: Ankle–brachial index; Long-term outcome; Peripheral artery disease; Transcatheter aortic valve replacement.

Publication types

  • Multicenter Study
  • Randomized Controlled Trial

MeSH terms

  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Ankle Brachial Index / methods*
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / diagnosis
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / mortality
  • Aortic Valve Stenosis / surgery*
  • Echocardiography, Doppler
  • Female
  • Follow-Up Studies
  • Humans
  • Incidence
  • Japan / epidemiology
  • Male
  • Multidetector Computed Tomography
  • Postoperative Complications / diagnosis
  • Postoperative Complications / epidemiology*
  • Prospective Studies
  • Registries*
  • Risk Assessment
  • Risk Factors
  • Severity of Illness Index
  • Survival Rate / trends
  • Time Factors
  • Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement / methods*