DNA methylation levels in candidate genes associated with chronological age in mammals are not conserved in a long-lived seabird

PLoS One. 2017 Dec 7;12(12):e0189181. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189181. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Most seabirds do not have any outward identifiers of their chronological age, so estimation of seabird population age structure generally requires expensive, long-term banding studies. We investigated the potential to use a molecular age biomarker to estimate age in short-tailed shearwaters (Ardenna tenuirostris). We quantified DNA methylation in several A. tenuirostris genes that have shown age-related methylation changes in mammals. In birds ranging from chicks to 21 years of age, bisulphite treated blood and feather DNA was sequenced and methylation levels analysed in 67 CpG sites in 13 target gene regions. From blood samples, five of the top relationships with age were identified in KCNC3 loci (CpG66: R2 = 0.325, p = 0.019). In feather samples ELOVL2 (CpG42: R2 = 0.285, p = 0.00048) and EDARADD (CpG46: R2 = 0.168, p = 0.0067) were also weakly correlated with age. However, the majority of markers had no clear association with age (of 131 comparisons only 12 had a p-value < 0.05) and statistical analysis using a penalised lasso approach did not produce an accurate ageing model. Our data indicate that some age-related signatures identified in orthologous mammalian genes are not conserved in the long-lived short tailed shearwater. Alternative molecular approaches will be required to identify a reliable biomarker of chronological age in these seabirds.

MeSH terms

  • Aging / genetics*
  • Animals
  • Base Sequence
  • Birds / genetics*
  • DNA Methylation*
  • Gene Amplification
  • Mammals / genetics*
  • Sequence Analysis, DNA
  • Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid

Grants and funding

This work was funded by Australian Antarctic Science project number: 4014 (BD, SNJ), the Australian Government Research Training Program (RDP), the Holsworth Wildlife Research Endowment – ANZ Trustees Foundation (RDP) (http://www.eqt.com.au/charities-and-not-for-profits/grants/animals-and-environment-grants) and the Joyce W. Vickery Scientific Research Fund – The Linnean Society of New South Wales (RDP) (http://linneansocietynsw.org.au/). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.