Abstract
The species of the genus Trillium (Melanthiaceae alt. Trilliaceae) include perennial herbs with characteristic rhizomes mainly distributed in Asia and North America. Steroids and saponins are the main classes of phytochemicals present in these plants. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge on their chemistry, as well as the in vitro and in vivo studies carried out on the extracts, fractions and isolated pure compounds from the different species belonging to this genus, focusing on core biological properties, i.e., cytotoxic, antifungal and anti-inflammatory activities.
Keywords:
analgesic activity; anti-inflammatory activity; antifungal activity; bioactive phytochemicals; cytotoxic activity.
MeSH terms
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Analgesics / chemistry*
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Analgesics / isolation & purification
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Analgesics / pharmacology
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Animals
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / chemistry*
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / isolation & purification
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents / pharmacology
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Antifungal Agents / chemistry*
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Antifungal Agents / isolation & purification
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Antifungal Agents / pharmacology
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Candida / drug effects
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Candida / growth & development
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Cell Line, Tumor
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Cytotoxins / chemistry*
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Cytotoxins / isolation & purification
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Cytotoxins / pharmacology
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Humans
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Molecular Structure
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Phytochemicals / chemistry
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Phytochemicals / isolation & purification
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Phytochemicals / pharmacology
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Plant Extracts / chemistry
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Plants, Medicinal
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Rhizome / chemistry
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Saponins / chemistry*
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Saponins / isolation & purification
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Saponins / pharmacology
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Steroids / chemistry*
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Steroids / isolation & purification
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Steroids / pharmacology
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Structure-Activity Relationship
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Trillium / chemistry*
Substances
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Analgesics
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Anti-Inflammatory Agents
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Antifungal Agents
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Cytotoxins
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Phytochemicals
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Plant Extracts
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Saponins
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Steroids