Aggregated data from the Polish Point Prevalence Survey of Healthcare Associated Infections and Antimicrobial Use (PPS HAI&AU) collected between 2012 and 2015 were used to describe the epidemiology of healthcare associated bloodstream infections (BSI) in Polish hospitals, in order to assess the rationale for introducing a BSI surveillance programme in our country and analyse selected risk factors. Data were collected according to the ECDC PPS HAI&AU protocol. Within four years, records for 71,039 patients were collected in 36 (2012), 32 (2013), 112 (2014), and 158 (2015) hospitals; representativeness was evaluated as good in 2012-2013, and excellent from 2014. HAI was found in 4,258 of these patients; laboratory confirmed BSI, including catheter related infections (CRI), and neonatal BSI accounted for 7.7% (329 cases). A representative control group was selected during a random selection process. Out of 329 cases of BSI, 48.9% were associated with vascular access, and 70.8% of them met the criteria of (CRI). The most frequently isolated microorganisms were Staphylococci with 150 isolates (45.6%). Most of them were coagulase-negative (64.4%) that usually caused CRI. Out of 53 S. aureus isolates 24.5% were methicillin-resistant. Enterobacteriaceae were responsible for 31.3% of BSI (n = 103), 50.0% of them were resistant to third generation cephalosporins and 6 (5.8%) to carbapenems. Since little is known about the epidemiology of BSI in Poland, introduction of a countrywide surveillance programme based on incidence is justified, in order to create national prevention initiatives based on local epidemiology, as well as bundle focusing on prevention of CRI.