[Self-perception of disease in patients with chronic diseases]

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the self-perception of disease by patients with chronic diseases and determine factors related to their perception of disease.

Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study performed between September 2014 and April 2015 in nine (6 urban and 3 rural) Health Centres of Navarra, Spain. The participants were recruited by convenience sampling of 196 patients aged over 65 years with at least one chronic disease. The outcome variable was: Perception of disease evaluated through The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire (9 items. Assessment of the cognitive and emotional representation of the disease. A higher total score indicates a greater threat of disease to the patient). Explanatory variables: Evaluation of the care received through the Patient Assessment of Chronic Illness Care, Katz index, Gijon's socio-family evaluation scale and quality of life using the EQ5D questionnaire. Other variables studied were: gender, age, education, Charlson index, and number of chronic diseases. The association between the total The Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire value and the rest of the variables was calculated.

Results: The self-perception of disease is more negative for a larger number of diseases (rho: 0.242; p=.001), greater patient dependence (rho: -0.193; P=.007), and a poorer self-perceived quality of life (EQ VAS rho: -0.484; P<.001. EQ5D5L Index value rho: -0.507; P<.001).

Conclusions: The perception that chronic patients have about their disease worsens as their diseases and their dependence increase, and also worsens their quality of life.

Keywords: Brief Illness Perception Questionnaire; Centro de salud; Chronic diseases; Cuestionarios; Day health centre; Enfermedades crónicas; Illness perception; Percepción de enfermedad; Questionnaires.