Redox-Active Ligand-Assisted Two-Electron Oxidative Addition to Gallium(II)

Igor L Fedushkin; Vladimir A Dodonov; Alexandra A Skatova; Vladimir G Sokolov; Alexander V Piskunov; Georgii K Fukin

doi:10.1002/chem.201704128

Redox-Active Ligand-Assisted Two-Electron Oxidative Addition to Gallium(II)

Chemistry. 2018 Feb 6;24(8):1877-1889. doi: 10.1002/chem.201704128. Epub 2018 Jan 17.

Authors

Igor L Fedushkin¹, Vladimir A Dodonov¹, Alexandra A Skatova¹, Vladimir G Sokolov¹, Alexander V Piskunov¹, Georgii K Fukin¹

Affiliation

¹ G.A. Razuvaev Institute of Organometallic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tropinina 49, 603137, Nizhny Novgorod, Russian Federation.

PMID: 29125198
DOI: 10.1002/chem.201704128

Abstract

The reaction of digallane (dpp-bian)Ga-Ga(dpp-bian) (2) (dpp-bian=1,2-bis[(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imino]acenaphthene) with allyl chloride (AllCl) proceeded by a two-electron oxidative addition to afford paramagnetic complexes (dpp-bian)Ga(η¹ -All)Cl (3) and (dpp-bian)(Cl)Ga-Ga(Cl)(dpp-bian) (4). Treatment of complex 4 with pyridine induced an intramolecular redox process, which resulted in the diamagnetic complex (dpp-bian)Ga(Py)Cl (5). In reaction with allyl bromide, complex 2 gave metal- and ligand-centered addition products (dpp-bian)Ga(η¹ -All)Br (6) and (dpp-bian-All)(Br)Ga-Ga(Br)(dpp-bian-All) (7). The reaction of digallane 2 with Ph₃ SnNCO afforded (dpp-bian)Ga(SnPh₃ )₂ (8) and (dpp-bian)(NCO)Ga-Ga(NCO)(dpp-bian) (9). Treatment of GaCl₃ with (dpp-bian)Na in diethyl ether resulted in the formation of (dpp-bian)GaCl₂ (10). Diorganylgallium derivatives (dpp-bian)GaR₂ (R=Ph, 11; tBu, 14; Me, 15; Bn, 16) and (dpp-bian)Ga(η¹ -All)R (R=nBu, 12; Cp, 13) were synthesized from complexes 3, 10, Bn₂ GaCl, or tBu₂ GaCl by salt metathesis. The salt elimination reaction between (dpp-bian)GaI₂ (17) and tBuLi was accompanied by reduction of both the metal and the dpp-bian ligand, which resulted in digallane 2 as the final product. Similarly, the reaction of complex 10 with MentMgCl (Ment=menthyl) proceeded with reduction of the dpp-bian ligand to give the diamagnetic complex [(dpp-bian)GaCl₂ ][Mg₂ Cl₃ (THF)₆ ] (18). Compounds 11, 12, 13, 15, and 16 were thermally robust, whereas compound 14 decomposed when heated at reflux in toluene to give complex (dpp-bian-tBu)GatBu₂ (19). Both complexes 7 and 19 contain R-substituted dpp-bian ligand: in the former compound the allyl group was attached to the imino-carbon atom, whereas in complex 19, the tBu group was situated on the naphthalene ring. Crystal structures of complexes 3, 8, 9, 10, 13, 14, 18, and 19 were determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. The presence of dpp-bian radical anions in 3, 6, 8, and 10-16 was determined by ESR spectroscopy.

Keywords: ESR spectroscopy; X-ray diffraction; gallium; oxidative addition; redox-active ligands.