Variation in shade-induced flowering in Arabidopsis thaliana results from FLOWERING LOCUS T allelic variation

PLoS One. 2017 Nov 8;12(11):e0187768. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0187768. eCollection 2017.

Abstract

Plants have evolved developmental mechanisms to ensure reproduction when in sub-optimal local environments. The shade-avoidance syndrome is one such mechanism that causes plants to elongate and accelerate flowering. Plants sense shade via the decreased red:far-red (R:FR) ratio that occurs in shade. We explored natural variation in flowering behavior caused by a decrease in the R:FR ratio of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. A survey of accessions revealed that most exhibit a vigorous rapid-flowering response in a FR-enriched environment. However, a subset of accessions appeared to be compromised in the accelerated-flowering component of the shade-avoidance response. The genetic basis of the muted response to FR enrichment was studied in three accessions (Fl-1, Hau-0, and Mir-0). For all three accessions, the reduced FR flowering-time effect mapped to the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) region, and the FT alleles from these accessions are expressed at a lower level in FR-enriched light compared to alleles from accessions that respond robustly to FR enrichment. In the Mir-0 accession, a second genomic region, which includes CONSTANTS (CO), also influenced flowering in FR-enriched conditions. We have demonstrated that variation in the degree of precocious flowering in shaded conditions (low R:FR ratio) results from allelic variation at FT.

MeSH terms

  • Alleles
  • Arabidopsis / genetics*
  • Arabidopsis / growth & development
  • Arabidopsis / metabolism
  • Arabidopsis / radiation effects
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / genetics*
  • Arabidopsis Proteins / metabolism
  • Flowers / genetics*
  • Flowers / growth & development
  • Flowers / metabolism
  • Flowers / radiation effects
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Plant*
  • Genetic Variation*
  • Genotype
  • Light
  • Mutation
  • Phenotype

Substances

  • Arabidopsis Proteins
  • FT protein, Arabidopsis

Grants and funding

This work was supported by a Frontiers in Integrative Biological Research program grant EF-0425759 to Richard Amasino.