Brief assessment of schizotypal traits: A multinational study

Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero; Javier Ortuño-Sierra; Beatriz Lucas-Molina; Martin Debbané; Raymond C K Chan; David C Cicero; Lisa C Zhang; Colleen Brenner; Emma Barkus; Richard J Linscott; Thomas Kwapil; Neus Barrantes-Vidal; Alex Cohen; Adrian Raine; Michael T Compton; Erin B Tone; Julie Suhr; Julio Bobes; Axit Fumero; Stella Giakoumaki; Ioannis Tsaousis; Antonio Preti; Michael Chmielewski; Julien Laloyaux; Anwar Mechri; Mohamed Aymen Lahmar; Viviana Wuthrich; Frank Larøi; Johanna C Badcock; Assen Jablensky; David Barron; Viren Swami; Ulrich S Tran; Martin Voracek

doi:10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.043

Brief assessment of schizotypal traits: A multinational study

Schizophr Res. 2018 Jul:197:182-191. doi: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.043. Epub 2017 Nov 4.

Authors

Eduardo Fonseca-Pedrero¹, Javier Ortuño-Sierra², Beatriz Lucas-Molina³, Martin Debbané⁴, Raymond C K Chan⁵, David C Cicero⁶, Lisa C Zhang⁷, Colleen Brenner⁷, Emma Barkus⁸, Richard J Linscott⁹, Thomas Kwapil¹⁰, Neus Barrantes-Vidal¹¹, Alex Cohen¹², Adrian Raine¹³, Michael T Compton¹⁴, Erin B Tone¹⁵, Julie Suhr¹⁶, Julio Bobes¹⁷, Axit Fumero¹⁸, Stella Giakoumaki¹⁹, Ioannis Tsaousis¹⁹, Antonio Preti²⁰, Michael Chmielewski²¹, Julien Laloyaux²², Anwar Mechri²³, Mohamed Aymen Lahmar²³, Viviana Wuthrich²⁴, Frank Larøi²², Johanna C Badcock²⁵, Assen Jablensky²⁶, David Barron²⁷, Viren Swami²⁸, Ulrich S Tran²⁹, Martin Voracek²⁹

Affiliations

¹ Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain. Electronic address: eduardo.fonseca@unirioja.es.
² Department of Educational Sciences, University of La Rioja, Logroño, Spain.
³ Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
⁴ Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, London, UK.
⁵ Neuropsychology and Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
⁶ Department of Psychology, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA.
⁷ Department of Psychology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
⁸ School of Psychology, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, Australia.
⁹ Department of Psychology,University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
¹⁰ Department of Psychology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC, USA.
¹¹ Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
¹² Department of Psychology, Louisiana State University, Louisiana, LA, USA.
¹³ Departments of Criminology, Psychiatry,and Psychology,University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
¹⁴ Department of Psychiatry, Lenox Hill Hospital, New York, NY, USA.
¹⁵ Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
¹⁶ Department of Psychology, Ohio University, Athens, OH, USA.
¹⁷ Department of Psychiatry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Oviedo, Spain.
¹⁸ Department of Psychology, University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain.
¹⁹ Department of Psychology, University of Crete, Rethymno, Greece.
²⁰ Genneruxi Medical Center, Cagliari, Italy.
²¹ Department of Psychology, Southern Methodist University, Dallas, TX, USA.
²² Department of Biological and Medical Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Psychology and Neuroscience of Cognition Research Unit, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium; NORMENT - Norwegian Center of Excellence for Mental Disorders Research, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
²³ Psychiatry Department, University Hospital of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
²⁴ Centre for Emotional Health, Department of Psychology, Macquarie University, Sydney, Australia.
²⁵ Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, Division of Psychiatry, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
²⁶ Centre for Clinical Research in Neuropsychiatry, School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.
²⁷ Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia.
²⁸ Centre for Psychological Medicine, Perdana University, Serdang, Malaysia; Department of Psychology, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK.
²⁹ Department of Basic Psychological Research and Research Methods, School of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.

PMID: 29113776
DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.10.043

Abstract

The Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire-Brief (SPQ-B) was developed with the aim of examining variations in healthy trait schizotypy, as well as latent vulnerability to psychotic-spectrum disorders. No previous study has studied the cross-cultural validity of the SPQ-B in a large cross-national sample. The main goal of the present study was to analyze the reliability and the internal structure of SPQ-B scores in a multinational sample of 28,426 participants recruited from 14 countries. The mean age was 22.63years (SD=7.08; range 16-68years), 37.7% (n=10,711) were men. The omega coefficients were high, ranging from 0.86 to 0.92 for the total sample. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that SPQ-B items were grouped either in a theoretical structure of three first-order factors (Cognitive-Perceptual, Interpersonal, and Disorganized) or in a bifactor model (three first-order factors plus a general factor of schizotypal personality). In addition, the results supported configural but not strong measurement invariance of SPQ-B scores across samples. These findings provide new information about the factor structure of schizotypal personality, and support the validity and utility of the SPQ-B, a brief and easy tool for assessing self-reported schizotypal traits, in cross-national research. Theoretical and clinical implications for diagnostic systems, psychosis models, and cross-national mental health strategies are derived from these results.

Keywords: Cross-cultural; Psychosis; Psychosis risk; SPQ-B; Schizotypal personality; Schizotypy.

Publication types

Multicenter Study
Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

Adolescent
Adult
Aged
Cross-Cultural Comparison
Factor Analysis, Statistical
Female
Humans
Male
Middle Aged
Personality Inventory / standards*
Psychiatric Status Rating Scales / standards*
Psychometrics / instrumentation
Psychometrics / methods
Psychometrics / standards*
Reproducibility of Results
Schizotypal Personality Disorder / diagnosis*
Young Adult