Quantum criticality and the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in one-dimensional Bose gases

Bing Yang; Yang-Yang Chen; Yong-Guang Zheng; Hui Sun; Han-Ning Dai; Xi-Wen Guan; Zhen-Sheng Yuan; Jian-Wei Pan

doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.165701

Quantum criticality and the Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid in one-dimensional Bose gases

Phys Rev Lett. 2017 Oct 20;119(16):165701. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.165701. Epub 2017 Oct 18.

Authors

Bing Yang^{1

2}, Yang-Yang Chen³, Yong-Guang Zheng^{1

2}, Hui Sun^{1

2}, Han-Ning Dai^{1

2}, Xi-Wen Guan^{3

4}, Zhen-Sheng Yuan^{1

2

5

6}, Jian-Wei Pan^{1

2

5

6}

Affiliations

¹ Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.
² Physikalisches Institut, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 226, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
³ State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
⁴ Department of Theoretical Physics, Research School of Physics and Engineering, Australian National University, Canberra ACT 0200, Australia.
⁵ CAS-Alibaba Quantum Computing Laboratory, Shanghai 201315, China.
⁶ CAS Centre for Excellence and Synergetic Innovation Centre in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China.

PMID: 29099230
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.119.165701

Abstract

We experimentally investigate the quantum criticality and Tomonaga-Luttinger liquid (TLL) behavior within one-dimensional (1D) ultracold atomic gases. Based on the measured density profiles at different temperatures, the universal scaling laws of thermodynamic quantities are observed. The quantum critical regime and the relevant crossover temperatures are determined through the double-peak structure of the specific heat. In the TLL regime, we obtain the Luttinger parameter by probing sound propagation. Furthermore, a characteristic power-law behavior emerges in the measured momentum distributions of the 1D ultracold gas, confirming the existence of the TLL.