Nitrogen-doped porous carbon materials have been highlighted as promising alternatives to high-cost platinum in various electrochemical energy applications. However, protocols to generate effective pore structure are still challenging, which hampers mass production and utilization of carbon materials. Here, we suggest a facile and effective method for hierarchical porous carbon by a single-step carbonization of coffee waste (CW) with ZnCl2. The CW, which is one of the most earth-abundant organic waste, can be successfully converted to nitrogen-doped porous carbon. It shows outstanding oxygen reduction activity and durability comparable to the state-of-the-art platinum, and the half-wave potential is also comparable to the best metal-free electrocatalysts in alkaline media. Finally, we apply it to counter electrode of dye-sensitized solar cell, whose photovoltaic efficiency surpasses the one made with conventional platinum electrode. We demonstrate the feasibility of our strategies for highly efficient, cheap, and environment-friendly electrocatalyst to replace platinum in various electrochemical energy applications.
Keywords: coffee waste; dye-sensitized solar cell; hierarchical porous structure; nitrogen-doped carbon; oxygen reduction reaction.