Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a common clinical entity that affects approximately 2-3% of children and adolescents. AIS is defined as a curvature of the spine > 10 degrees and it usually presents as a right thoracic curve. Only a small fraction of patients with AIS go on to surgical intervention. This article will review the role of rehabilitation in the management of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, specifically as related to the preoperative, perioperative and postoperative care of patients with AIS. [Full article available at http://rimed.org/rimedicaljournal-2017-11.asp].