Highway driving safety the day after using sleep medication: the direction of lapses and excursions out-of-lane in drowsy drivers

J Sleep Res. 2018 Jun;27(3):e12622. doi: 10.1111/jsr.12622. Epub 2017 Oct 24.

Abstract

The primary outcome measure of the on-road driving test is the Standard Deviation of Lateral Position. However, other outcome measures, such as lapses and excursions out-of-lane, also need to be considered as they may be related to crash risk. The aim of this study was to determine the direction of lapses and excursions out-of-lane (i.e. towards/into the adjacent traffic lane or towards/into the road shoulder). In total, data from 240 driving tests were re-analysed, and 628 lapses and 401 excursions out-of-lane were identified. The analyses revealed that lapses were made equally frequently over left (49.4%) and over right (43.3%). In contrast, excursions out-of-lane were almost exclusively directed over right into the (safer) road shoulder (97.3%). These findings suggest that drivers are unaware of having lapses, whereas excursions out-of-lane are events where the driver is aware of loss of vehicle control.

Keywords: direction; driving; excursions out-of-lane; lapses.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Accidents, Traffic / prevention & control*
  • Accidents, Traffic / psychology
  • Acetamides / adverse effects
  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Automobile Driving* / psychology
  • Female
  • Humans
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives / adverse effects*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Pyrimidines / adverse effects
  • Sleep / drug effects*
  • Sleep / physiology
  • Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical / adverse effects*
  • Sleepiness
  • Wakefulness / drug effects*
  • Wakefulness / physiology
  • Young Adult
  • Zolpidem / adverse effects

Substances

  • Acetamides
  • Hypnotics and Sedatives
  • Pyrimidines
  • Sleep Aids, Pharmaceutical
  • Zolpidem
  • zaleplon