Cost-effectiveness of IDH testing in diffuse gliomas according to the 2016 WHO classification of tumors of the central nervous system recommendations

Abstract

Background: Due to the decreasing prevalence of IDH1 mutations in older patients, the 2016 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of brain tumors proposed not to perform sequencing for isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) in glioblastoma patients ≥55 years old. We present a cost-effectiveness analysis to estimate the financial impact of these guidelines.

Methods: From 2010 to 2015 we performed 1023 IDH tests in gliomas, amounting to ~$1.09 million in direct laboratory test costs. Samples were tested using R132H-specific immunohistochemistry, DNA sequencing validated for detection of noncanonical IDH1/2 mutations, or both methods.

Results: In cases tested by DNA sequencing, the fraction of non-R132H mutations was 5.4%, which included only 2 high-grade gliomas in patients ≥55 years (0.9%). When remodeling the optimal age cutoff in our patient population using 5-year age-binning, we found a 10-times higher pretest probability for the presence of a noncanonical IDH1 mutation in the setting of a negative IDH1-R132H immunohistochemistry result in patients <55 years. Applying the independently confirmed age cutoff of 55 years to glioblastoma patients (64%) would result in $403200 saved (43%). By not performing sequencing in patients ≥55 years, the turn-around time to final integrated neuropathological diagnosis is reduced by 53%, allowing these patients to gain earlier benefits from personalized genomic medicine.

Conclusion: The negligible prevalence of noncanonical IDH mutations in glioblastoma patients ≥55 years argues against universal IDH sequencing in this population. We predict that adoption of this age-based sequencing cutoff recommendation from the 2016 WHO guidelines will result in significant cost and time savings throughout the global health care system.

Keywords: IDH testing; biomarker; cost-effectiveness; reimbursement; turn-around time.