Context: The role of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) in the prediction of ischaemic stroke in individuals without diabetes is underestimated.
Aims: We performed a study to analyse the role of HbA1c in the risk prediction of ischaemic stroke in Pakistani population without diabetes. We further studied the difference between HbA1c values of individuals with diabetes and without diabetes with stroke.
Settings and design: Single centre, case-control.
Materials and methods: In phase I, a total of 233 patients without diabetes with ischaemic stroke and 245 as controls were enrolled. Association of HbA1c levels, lipid profiles and blood pressure recordings with ischaemic stroke was analysed. In phase II, comparison was done between diabetics and non-diabetics with stroke.
Statistical analysis: Comparison of the mean variables was performed with Student's t-tests. Logistic regression analysis with ischaemic stroke as the dependent variable was performed for phase I.
Results: In phase I, the ischaemic stroke group had significantly higher HbA1c levels (5.9±2.9% vs 5.5±1.6%) compared with controls (p<0.05). Triglyceride cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and HbA1c were the significant determinants of stroke (p<0.05). In phase II, mean HbA1c values were significantly higher in the diabetes group (7.6±2.1 vs 6.1±2.3) (p<0.05) but other parameters were not statistically significantly different (p>0.05).
Conclusions: Higher HbA1c indicated a significantly increased risk for ischaemic stroke. An HbA1c value above 5.6% (prediabetic range) predicted future risk of stroke and efforts to maintain glucose level within the normal range (≤5.6%) in individuals with high cardiovascular risk are important.
Keywords: Diabetes mellitus; Glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c); Ischemic Stroke; Prediabetes; Risk factors.