Chemoenzymatic Synthesis and Applications of Prokaryote-Specific UDP-Sugars

Abstract

This method describes the chemoenzymatic synthesis of several nucleotide sugars, which are essential substrates in the biosynthesis of prokaryotic N- and O-linked glycoproteins. Protein glycosylation is now known to be widespread in prokaryotes and proceeds via sequential action of several enzymes, utilizing both common and modified prokaryote-specific sugar nucleotides. The latter, which include UDP-hexoses such as UDP-diNAc-bacillosamine (UDP-diNAcBac), UDP-diNAcAlt, and UDP-2,3-diNAcManA, are also important components of other bacterial and archaeal glycoconjugates. The ready availability of these "high-value" intermediates will enable courses of study into inhibitor screening, glycoconjugate biosynthesis pathway discovery, and unnatural carbohydrate incorporation toward metabolic engineering.

Keywords: 2,3-di-N-acetyl-glucuronic acid; 2,4-di-N-acetyl-bacillosamine; Chemoenzymatic synthesis; Glycoconjugate biosynthesis; Nucleotide-activated carbohydrates; Pseudaminic acid.