Downregulation of SAFB Sustains the NF- κ B Pathway by Targeting TAK1 during the Progression of Colorectal Cancer

Clin Cancer Res. 2017 Nov 15;23(22):7108-7118. doi: 10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-17-0747. Epub 2017 Sep 14.

Abstract

Purpose: To investigate the role and the underlying mechanism of scaffold attachment factor B (SAFB) in the progression of colorectal cancer (CRC).Experimental Design: SAFB expression was analyzed in the Cancer Outlier Profile Analysis of Oncomine and in 175 paraffin-embedded archived CRC tissues. Gene Ontology analyses were performed to explore the mechanism of SAFB in CRC progression. Western blot, RT-PCR, luciferase assay, and chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) were used to detect the regulation of transforming growth factor-β-activated kinase 1 (TAK1) and NF-κB signaling by SAFB The role of SAFB in invasion, metastasis, and angiogenesis was investigated using in vitro and in vivo assays. The relationship between SAFB and TAK1 was analyzed in CRC tissues.Results: SAFB was downregulated in CRC tissues, and low expression of SAFB was significantly associated with an aggressive phenotype and poorer survival of CRC patients. The downregulation of SAFB activated NF-κB signaling by targeting the TAK1 promoter. Ectopic expression of SAFB inhibited the development of aggressive features and metastasis of CRC cells both in vitro and in vivo The overexpression of TAK1 could rescue the aggressive features in SAFB-overexpressed cells. Furthermore, the expression of SAFB in CRC tissues was negatively correlated with the expression of TAK1- and NF-κB-related genes.Conclusions: Our results show that SAFB regulated the activity of NF-κB signaling in CRC by targeting TAK1 This novel mechanism provides a comprehensive understanding of both SAFB and the NF-κB signaling pathway in the progression of CRC and indicates that the SAFB-TAK1-NF-κB axis is a potential target for early therapeutic intervention in CRC progression. Clin Cancer Res; 23(22); 7108-18. ©2017 AACR.

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Cell Line, Tumor
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / drug therapy
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / genetics*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / metabolism*
  • Colorectal Neoplasms / pathology
  • Disease Models, Animal
  • Disease Progression
  • Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic*
  • Humans
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases / metabolism*
  • Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / genetics*
  • Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins / metabolism
  • Models, Biological
  • NF-kappa B / metabolism*
  • Neoplasm Metastasis
  • Neoplasm Staging
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic / genetics
  • Neovascularization, Pathologic / metabolism
  • Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / genetics*
  • Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins / metabolism
  • Prognosis
  • Protein Binding
  • Receptors, Estrogen / genetics*
  • Receptors, Estrogen / metabolism
  • Signal Transduction*
  • Transcription, Genetic

Substances

  • Matrix Attachment Region Binding Proteins
  • NF-kappa B
  • Nuclear Matrix-Associated Proteins
  • Receptors, Estrogen
  • SAFB protein, human
  • MAP Kinase Kinase Kinases
  • MAP kinase kinase kinase 7