Bioethanol is one of the most promising and representative biofuel products. Photosynthetic production of ethanol using CO₂ and solar energy based on cyanobacteria is of great significance for research and application, due to the potential to reduce CO₂ emission and to provide renewable energy simultaneously. Here we review the history and updated development of cyanobacteria cell factories for ethanol photosynthetic production, the progress and problems in pathway optimization, chassis selection, and metabolic engineering strategies, and finally indicate the future development in this area.
生物乙醇是极具应用潜力和代表性的生物能源产品之一。以蓝细菌为光合平台，利用二氧化碳和太阳能直接进行乙醇合成可以同时起到降低二氧化碳排放和提供可再生能源的效果，具有重要的研究与应用价值。本文回顾了蓝细菌乙醇光合细胞工厂相关技术的发展历程和现状，从途径优化、底盘选择和代谢工程策略等层面对其最新进展和所遇到的问题进行了总结介绍，并对该技术未来发展方向进行了展望。.
Keywords: bioethanol; cell factory; cyanobacteria; ethanol tolerance; metabolic engineering.