Laboratory evaluation of different formulations of Stress Coat® for slime production in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and koi (Cyprinus carpio)

Raghunath B Shivappa; Larry S Christian; Jerry M Law; Gregory A Lewbart

doi:10.7717/peerj.3759

Laboratory evaluation of different formulations of Stress Coat^® for slime production in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and koi (Cyprinus carpio)

PeerJ. 2017 Sep 6:5:e3759. doi: 10.7717/peerj.3759. eCollection 2017.

Authors

Raghunath B Shivappa¹, Larry S Christian², Jerry M Law³, Gregory A Lewbart⁴

Affiliations

¹ Pharmaceutical Development and Manufacturing Sciences, Janssen R&D (Pharmaceutical companies of Johnson & Johnson), Malvern, PA, United States of America.
² Veterinary Services, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, United States of America.
³ Department of Population Health and Pathobiology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America.
⁴ Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC, United States of America.

Abstract

A study was carried out to assess the effect of Stress Coat^® on slime production in goldfish (Carassius auratus) and koi (Cyprinus carpio). The study also investigated histological changes that might be associated with slime producing cells, and wound healing in koi. Several formulations of Stress Coat^® were investigated and the results showed that polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), also known as povidone, an ingredient of Stress Coat^®, when used alone, showed significantly higher slime production in goldfish than salt and Stress Coat^® without PVP after 25 h. The results also showed that koi treated with compounds containing PVP showed better wound healing than those not exposed to PVP. Histology results showed no difference between compounds tested with regards to density and number of slime producing cells.

Keywords: Goldfish; Koi; Mucus production; Polyvinylpyrrolidone; Stress Coat®; Wound healing.

Grants and funding

This work was supported by Aquarium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., which is now Mars Fishcare Inc. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.