Comparison of Endovascular Stent Grafts for Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair in Medicare Beneficiaries

Abstract

Background: Increased renal complications have been suggested with suprarenal stent grafts, but long-term analyses have been limited. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of endograft choice on perioperative and long-term outcomes.

Methods: We compared Medicare beneficiaries undergoing endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysms repair from 2005 to 2008 with endografts with infrarenal fixation and a single docking limb (AneuRx, Excluder) to those with suprarenal fixation and 2 docking limbs (Zenith), or a unibody configuration (Powerlink). Propensity score weighting accounted for differences in patient characteristics among the different graft formations, and perioperative mortality, complications, and length of stay and 4-year rates of survival, rupture, and reintervention were compared.

Results: Forty-six thousand one hundred seventy-one Medicare beneficiaries were identified including 11,002 (24%) with suprarenal fixation, 32,909 (71%) with infrarenal fixation, and 2,260 (5%) with a unibody graft. After propensity score weighting, there were no significant differences in patients' baseline clinical and demographic characteristics. The suprarenal fixation patients had higher rates of perioperative mortality (1.7% vs. 1.3%, P < 0.01), renal failure (6.0% vs. 4.7%, P < 0.001), and mesenteric ischemia (0.7% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.01) and longer length of stay (3.4 days vs. 3.0 days, P < 0.001) compared with patients with infrarenal fixation. Unibody grafts had higher rates of renal failure (5.9% vs. 4.7%, P < 0.001), mesenteric ischemia (1.0% vs. 0.4%, P < 0.001), and conversion to open repair (0.7% vs. 0.1%, P < 0.001) compared to those with infrarenal fixation and single docking limbs. At 4 years, mortality remained slightly higher with suprarenal compared to infrarenal fixation (30% vs. 29%, P = 0.047), although these patients had fewer conversions to open repair (0.6% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.03) and aneurysm-related reinterventions (10% vs. 12%, P < 0.01). At 4 years, unibody grafts had more aneurysm-related interventions compared to infrarenal fixation grafts (15% vs. 12%, P < 0.01) but fewer conversions to open repair (0.4% vs. 0.9%, P = 0.02). Late rupture did not differ among the groups.

Conclusions: Compared to infrarenal fixation devices, patients who underwent EVAR with suprarenal fixation had higher perioperative mortality and renal complications but fewer reinterventions including conversion, while the unibody graft had more perioperative complications and aneurysm-related reinterventions, but fewer conversions to open repair. Although these differences could be explained by selection bias, these data suggest that further comparative effectiveness analyses should be performed to understand the outcomes following EVAR with suprarenal fixation and unibody grafts.