What type of rigorous experiments are needed to investigate the impact of artificial light at night on individuals and populations?

Affiliations

• ¹ Biology, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV, USA.
• ² Animal Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, The Netherlands.
• ³ Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
• ⁴ Wageningen Universiteit en Researchcentrum, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
• ⁵ Biology, Bucknell University, Lewisburg, PA, USA.
• ⁶ Chronobiology, Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands.