1 From the Departments of Anesthesia (Y.L.M.), Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact (Y.L.M., R.W.), and Surgery (R.W.), Michael DeGroote School of Medicine Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada; Population Health Research Institute, David Braley Cardiac, Vascular and Stroke Research Institute, Perioperative Medicine and Surgical Research Unit, Hamilton, Canada (Y.L.M., S.S., R.W.); and University of Bari School of Medicine and Surgery, Hospital Policlinico, Bari, Italy (S.S.).