[Prehospital emergency care of patients with acute heart failure in Spain: the SEMICA study (Emergency Medical Response Systems for Patients with Acute Heart Failure)]

Emergencias. 2017 Jul;29(4):223-230.
[Article in Spanish]

Abstract

Objectives: To study the means of emergency transport used to bring patients with acute heart failure (AHF) to hospital emergency departments (EDs) and explore associations between factors, type of transport, and prehospital care received.

Material and methods: We gathered the following information on patients treated for AHF at 34 Spanish hospital EDs: means of transport used (medicalized ambulance [MA], nonmedicalized ambulance [NMA], or private vehicle) and treatments administered before arrival at the hospital. Twenty-seven independent variables potentially related to type of transport used were also studied. Indicators of AHF severity were triage level assigned in the ED, need for admission, need for intensive care, in-hospital mortality, and 30-day mortality.

Results: A total of 6106 patients with a mean (SD) age of 80 years were included; 56.5% were women, 47.2% arrived in PVs, 37.8% in NMAs, and 15.0% in MAs. Use of an ambulance was associated with female sex, age over 80 years, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, a history of AHF, functional dependency, New York Heart Association class III-IV, sphincteral incontinence, labored breathing, orthopnea, cold skin, and sensory depression or restlessness. Assignment of a MA was directly associated with living alone, a history of ischemic heart disease, cold skin, sensory depression or restlessness, and high temperature; it was inversely associated with a history of falls. The rates of receipt of prehospital treatments and AHF severity level increased with use of MAs vs. NMAs vs. PV. Seventy-three percent of patients transported in MAs received oxygen, 29% received a diuretic, 13.5% a vasodilator, and 4.7% noninvasive ventilation.

Conclusion: Characteristics of the patient with AHF are associated with the assignment of type of transport to a hospital ED. Assignment appears to be related to severity. Treatment given during MA transport could be increased.

Objetivo: Investigar, en los pacientes diagnosticados de insuficiencia cardiaca aguda (ICA) en servicios de urgencias hospitalarios (SUH), su forma de llegada, los factores asociados al tipo de transporte usado y el tratamiento prehospitalario administrado.

Metodo: En pacientes diagnosticados consecutivamente de ICA en 34 SUH españoles se recogió: forma de llegada (transporte sanitario medicalizado –TSM–, no medicalizado –TSNM– o propio –TP–) y tratamiento prehospitalario administrado. Se estudiaron 27 variables independientes potencialmente relacionadas con el tipo de transporte utilizado. Como indicadores de gravedad se registraron nivel de triaje en urgencias, necesidad de ingreso y de cuidados intensivos, mortalidad intrahospitalaria y a 30 días.

Resultados: Se incluyeron 6.106 pacientes [edad: 80 años (DE:10), 56,5% mujeres]; 47,2% llegaron en TP, 37,8% en TSNM y 15,0% en TSM. El uso de transporte sanitario se asoció a ser mujer, edad > 80 años, enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica, antecedentes de ICA, dependencia funcional, NYHA III-IV, incontinencia esfínteres y presentar disnea, ortopnea, piel fría y depresión del sensorio/inquietud. La asignación de TSM se asoció directamente a vivir solo, antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica, presentar piel fría, depresión del sensorio o inquietud y temperatura elevada e inversamente al antecedente de caídas. Los traslados en TP, TSNM y TSM registraron porcentajes crecientes de tratamiento prehospitalario, y su gravedad también fue progresivamente creciente. El 73% de pacientes trasladados con TSM recibió oxígeno, el 29% diurético, el 13,5% vasodilatador y el 4,7% ventilación no invasiva.

Conclusiones: Existen características del paciente con ICA relacionadas con el tipo de recurso asignado para su traslado al SUH, y dicha asignación parece corresponderse con la gravedad del episodio. El tratamiento durante el TSM podría incrementarse.

Keywords: Acute heart failure; Ambulance services; Emergency health services; Insuficiencia cardiaca aguda; Mortalidad; Mortality; Servicios de emergencias médicas; Transporte sanitario; Tratamiento; Treatment.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acute Disease
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Ambulances
  • Comorbidity
  • Emergency Medical Services* / statistics & numerical data
  • Female
  • Heart Failure* / epidemiology
  • Hospital Mortality
  • Humans
  • Male
  • Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive / epidemiology
  • Spain
  • Transportation of Patients / methods
  • Transportation of Patients / statistics & numerical data*
  • Triage