Impact of sequential surface-modification of graphene oxide on ice nucleation

Phys Chem Chem Phys. 2017 Aug 23;19(33):21929-21932. doi: 10.1039/c7cp03219f.

Abstract

Base-washed graphene-oxide which has been sequentially-modified by thiol-epoxy chemistry, results in materials with ice-nucleation activity. The role of hydro-philic/phobic grafts and polymers was evaluated with the most potent functioning at just 0.25 wt%. These 2-D hybrid materials may find use in cryopreservation and fundamental studies on ice formation.