The immune-enhancing activity of Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) in RAW264.7 macrophage cells and immunosuppressed mice

Food Res Int. 2017 Sep;99(Pt 1):623-629. doi: 10.1016/j.foodres.2017.06.053. Epub 2017 Jun 22.

Abstract

Chemotherapeutics are often used to inhibit the proliferation of cancer cells. However, they can also harm healthy cells and cause side effects such as immunosuppression. Especially traditional oriental medicines long used in Asia, may be beneficial candidates for the alleviation of immune diseases. Cervus nippon mantchuricus extract (NGE) is currently sold in the market as coffee and health drinks. However, NGE was not widely investigated and efficacy remain unclear and essentially nothing is known about their potential immune-regulatory properties. As a result, NGE induced the differentiation of RAW264.7 macrophage cells. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells elevated cytokines levels and NO production. NGE-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophage cells activated MAPKs and NF-κB signaling pathways. NGE encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed short-term treated with NGE mice model. NGE or Red ginseng encouraged the immuno-enhancing effects in immunosuppressed long-term treated with NGE mice model. Our data clearly show that NGE contains immune-enhancing activity and can be used to treat immunodeficiency.

Keywords: Cervus nippon mantchuricus Extract; Cyclophosphamide (PubChem CID: 2907); Deer bone; Immune-enhancing activity; Immunosuppressed mice; Lipopolysaccharide (PubChem CID: 11970143); MAPK; Macrophages; NF-κB.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Animals
  • Blotting, Western
  • Bone and Bones / immunology*
  • Cell Culture Techniques
  • Cell Differentiation / drug effects
  • Cell Differentiation / immunology
  • Cell Survival / drug effects
  • Cell Survival / immunology
  • Cytokines / drug effects
  • Cytokines / immunology
  • Deer*
  • Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
  • Immunologic Factors / immunology*
  • Immunosuppression Therapy
  • Macrophages / drug effects*
  • Macrophages / immunology*
  • Male
  • Medicine, Korean Traditional / methods
  • Mice
  • Mice, Inbred BALB C
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / drug effects
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases / immunology
  • Models, Animal
  • NF-kappa B / drug effects
  • NF-kappa B / immunology
  • Nitric Oxide / immunology
  • RAW 264.7 Cells
  • Signal Transduction / drug effects
  • Signal Transduction / immunology
  • Tissue Extracts / immunology*

Substances

  • Cytokines
  • Immunologic Factors
  • NF-kappa B
  • Tissue Extracts
  • Nitric Oxide
  • Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases