Biomimetic Multispiked Connecting Ti-Alloy Scaffold Prototype for Entirely-Cementless Resurfacing Arthroplasty Endoprostheses-Exemplary Results of Implantation of the Ca-P Surface-Modified Scaffold Prototypes in Animal Model and Osteoblast Culture Evaluation

Ryszard Uklejewski; Piotr Rogala; Mariusz Winiecki; Renata Tokłowicz; Piotr Ruszkowski; Maria Wołuń-Cholewa

doi:10.3390/ma9070532

Biomimetic Multispiked Connecting Ti-Alloy Scaffold Prototype for Entirely-Cementless Resurfacing Arthroplasty Endoprostheses-Exemplary Results of Implantation of the Ca-P Surface-Modified Scaffold Prototypes in Animal Model and Osteoblast Culture Evaluation

Materials (Basel). 2016 Jun 29;9(7):532. doi: 10.3390/ma9070532.

Authors

Ryszard Uklejewski^{1

2}, Piotr Rogala³, Mariusz Winiecki^{4

5}, Renata Tokłowicz⁶, Piotr Ruszkowski⁷, Maria Wołuń-Cholewa⁸

Affiliations

¹ Department of Medical Bioengineering Fundamentals, Institute of Technology, Casimir the Great University, Karola Chodkiewicza Street 30, Bydgoszcz 85-064, Poland. uklejew@ukw.edu.pl.
² Department of Process Engineering, Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 2, Poznan 60-965, Poland. uklejew@ukw.edu.pl.
³ Department of Spine Surgery, Oncologic Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 28 Czerwca 1956 135/147, Poznan 61-545, Poland. gabinet.rogala@gmail.com.
⁴ Department of Medical Bioengineering Fundamentals, Institute of Technology, Casimir the Great University, Karola Chodkiewicza Street 30, Bydgoszcz 85-064, Poland. winiecki@ukw.edu.pl.
⁵ Department of Process Engineering, Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 2, Poznan 60-965, Poland. winiecki@ukw.edu.pl.
⁶ Department of Process Engineering, Institute of Technology and Chemical Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, Marii Sklodowskiej-Curie 2, Poznan 60-965, Poland. renata.toklowicz@wp.pl.
⁷ Department of Pharmacology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5A, Poznan 60-806, Poland. pruszkowski@gmail.com.
⁸ Department of Cell Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Rokietnicka 5D, Poznan 60-806, Poland. doskon@ump.edu.pl.

Abstract

We present here-designed, manufactured, and tested by our research team-the Ti-alloy prototype of the multispiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold) interfacing the components of resurfacing arthroplasty (RA) endoprostheses with bone. The spikes of the MSC-Scaffold prototype mimic the interdigitations of the articular subchondral bone, which is the natural biostructure interfacing the articular cartilage with the periarticular trabecular bone. To enhance the osteoinduction/osteointegration potential of the MSC-Scaffold, the attempts to modify its bone contacting surfaces by the process of electrochemical cathodic deposition of Ca-P was performed with further immersion of the MSC-Scaffold prototypes in SBF in order to transform the amorphous calcium-phosphate coating in hydroxyapatite-like (HA-like) coating. The pilot experimental study of biointegration of unmodified and Ca-P surface-modified MSC-Scaffold prototypes was conducted in an animal model (swine) and in osteoblast cell culture. On the basis of a microscope-histological method the biointegration was proven by the presence of trabeculae in the interspike spaces of the MSC-Scaffold prototype on longitudinal and cross-sections of bone-implant specimens. The percentage of trabeculae in the area between the spikes of specimen containing Ca-P surface modified scaffold prototype observed in microCT reconstructions of the explanted joints was visibly higher than in the case of unmodified MSC-Scaffold prototypes. Significantly higher Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP) activity and the cellular proliferation in the case of Ca-P-modified MSC-Scaffold pre-prototypes, in comparison with unmodified pre-prototypes, was found in osteoblast cell cultures. The obtained results of experimental implantation in an animal model and osteoblast cell culture evaluations of Ca-P surface-modified and non-modified biomimetic MSC-Scaffold prototypes for biomimetic entirely-cementless RA endoprostheses indicate the enhancement of the osteoinduction/osteointegration potential by the Ca-P surface modification of the Ti-alloy MSC-Scaffold prototype. Planned further research on the prototype of this biomimetic MSC-Scaffold for a new generation of RA endoprostheses is also given.

Keywords: animal model evaluation; bone-implant biomimetic prototype interface; multispiked connecting scaffold (MSC-Scaffold) Ti-alloy prototype; osteoblast cell culture evaluation; osteoinduction and osteointegration potential; resurfacing arthroplasty RA endoprostheses.