Objective: The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) has quickly evolved from a time when controlling clinical relapses would suffice, to the present day, when complete disease control is expected. Measurement of brain volume is still at an early stage to be indicative of therapeutic decisions in MS.
Methods: This paper provides a critical review of potential biases and artifacts in brain measurement in the follow-up of patients with MS.
Results: Clinical conditions (such as hydration or ovulation), time of the day, type of magnetic resonance machine (manufacturer and potency), brain volume artifacts and different platforms for volumetric assessment of the brain can induce variations that exceed the acceptable physiological rate of annual loss of brain volume.
Conclusion: Although potentially extremely valuable, brain volume measurement still has to be regarded with caution in MS.