Development and Validation of the Caring Loneliness Scale

J Nurs Meas. 2016 Dec 1;24(3):114-129. doi: 10.1891/1061-3749.24.3.E114.

Abstract

Background and purpose: The Caring Loneliness Scale (CARLOS) includes 5 categories derived from earlier qualitative research. This article assesses the reliability and construct validity of a scale designed to measure patient experiences of loneliness in a professional caring relationship.

Methods: Statistical analysis with 4 different sample sizes included Cronbach's alpha and exploratory factor analysis with principal axis factoring extraction.

Results: The sample size of 250 gave the most useful and comprehensible structure, but all 4 samples yielded underlying content of loneliness experiences. The initial 5 categories were reduced to 4 factors with 24 items and Cronbach's alpha ranging from .77 to .90.

Conclusion: The findings support the reliability and validity of CARLOS for the assessment of Finnish breast cancer and heart surgery patients' experiences but as all instruments, further validation is needed.

Publication types

  • Validation Study

MeSH terms

  • Adult
  • Aged
  • Aged, 80 and over
  • Breast Neoplasms / nursing
  • Breast Neoplasms / psychology*
  • Female
  • Finland
  • Heart Diseases / nursing
  • Heart Diseases / psychology*
  • Heart Diseases / surgery
  • Humans
  • Loneliness / psychology*
  • Male
  • Middle Aged
  • Nurse-Patient Relations*
  • Psychometrics / standards*
  • Reproducibility of Results