Menopause is a process characterized by a decline in estrogen levels and is therefore a period of biological vulnerability for psychotic relapse in women with schizophrenia. Our goal was to correlate not only gonadal hormone levels but also follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH) levels with improvement in specific clinical symptoms. Thirty-seven acutely ill postmenopausal schizophrenia women with a newly initiated, clinically determined change in antipsychotic medication participated in a 12-week prospective observational outcome study. Scales used were the PANSS scale for psychotic symptoms, the PSP for functioning, and CGI for global clinical impression. Circulating FSH, LH, estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone serum levels were determined by chemiluminescent immunoassay. Partial correlational analyses were performed along with a Bonferroni significance correction (p < 0.0007). After adjustment for confounding factors, the FSH/LH ratio correlated positively with mean changes in PANSS positive scores, and there was a correlation with worsening of CGI total and cognitive scores. Testosterone was also positively associated with improvement in PANSS positive scores. However, after correction for multiple testing, the initial correlations were no longer statistically significant. In summary, while the hormone assays we did in this small sample did not prove to be significantly linked to clinical improvement in any of the schizophrenia symptom domains, we recommend further investigation of pituitary, adrenal, and gonadal hormone ratios as potential markers of clinical improvement in this population.
Keywords: Antipsychotics; Estradiol; FSH; Gender; Menopause; Schizophrenia.