The efficacy and safety of direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) with antiplatelet therapy compared to warfarin are unclear. The subjects were 280 patients who received antiplatelet therapy with oral anticoagulation (OAC) for the treatment of or protection from thromboembolism between January 2012 and September 2015. Among the 280 subjects, 79 (28.2%) received dual therapy (OAC plus aspirin or P2Y12 inhibitor) with DOAC, 75 (26.8%) dual therapy with warfarin, 46 (16.4%) triple therapy (OAC plus aspirin and P2Y12 inhibitor) with DOAC, and 80 (28.6%) triple therapy with warfarin.Compared to triple therapy with warfarin, triple therapy with DOAC had slightly lower bleeding (3.5 versus 12.0/100 persons-years, HR: 0.24, 95%CI: 0.03 to 1.96, P = 0.183), and similar benefit outcomes (cardiac death, acute myocardial infarction or stroke) and thromboembolism (7.0 versus 10.5, HR: 0.53, 95%CI: 0.10 to 2.75, P = 0.453; 7.0 versus 7.5, HR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.18 to 5.22, P = 0.964, respectively). Compared to dual therapy with warfarin, dual therapy with DOAC had slightly lower bleeding (3.0 versus 8.4, HR: 0.38, 95%CI: 0.07 to 2.18, P = 0.279), and similar benefit outcomes and thromboembolism (4.6 versus 4.2, HR: 1.66, 95%CI: 0.30 to 9.25, P = 0.565; 4.6 versus 1.4, HR: 3.11, 95%CI: 0.23 to 42.84, P = 0.397, respectively). Bleeding mainly occurred after 3 months (16/17, 94.1%).Triple therapy and dual therapy with DOAC were not inferior to triple therapy and dual therapy with warfarin in terms of major bleeding, benefit outcomes, and thromboembolism. Bleeding mainly occurred in the late phase.
Keywords: Anticoagulation; Antiplatelet therapy; Atrial fibrillation; Bleeding; Percutaneous coronary intervention.