Sleep bruxism and related risk factors in adults: A systematic literature review

Tommaso Castroflorio; Andrea Bargellini; Gabriele Rossini; Giovanni Cugliari; Andrea Deregibus

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.002

Sleep bruxism and related risk factors in adults: A systematic literature review

Arch Oral Biol. 2017 Nov:83:25-32. doi: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.002. Epub 2017 Jul 5.

Authors

Tommaso Castroflorio¹, Andrea Bargellini², Gabriele Rossini³, Giovanni Cugliari⁴, Andrea Deregibus⁵

Affiliations

¹ Department of Surgical Sciences, Specialization School of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy.
² Department of Surgical Sciences, Specialization School of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, Gnathology Unit, Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy. Electronic address: bargelli@ipsnet.it.
³ Department of Surgical Sciences, Specialization School of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, Gnathology Unit, Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Mechanics and Aerospace Engineering, Politecnico of Torino, Corso Duca degli Abruzzi 24, 10129 Torino, Italy.
⁴ Department of Statistics and Quantitative Methods, University of Milano-Bicocca, Via Bicocca degli Arcimboldi 8, 20126, Milan, Italy; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, C.So Dogliotti 14, 10126 Torino, Italy.
⁵ Department of Surgical Sciences, Specialization School of Orthodontics, Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy; Department of Surgical Sciences, Gnathology Unit, Dental School, University of Torino, Via Nizza 230, 10126 Torino, Italy.

PMID: 28692828
DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.07.002

Abstract

Objective: The aim of this article was to systematically review the literature to assess the relationship between risk factors and sleep bruxism (SB) in adults (age ≥18 years).

Design: A systematic search of the following databases was carried out: PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trial Register and Cochrane Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, LILACs and SciELO. Nine out of the 4583 initially identified articles were selected. This review was conducted according to the guidelines from the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions, with reporting in agreement to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines.

Results: Among the nine analyzed articles, associations between SB and gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) (OR=6.6, CI=1.4-30.9) was found in one randomized clinical trial (RCT). Four cross-sectional studies suggested history of SB during childhood (OR=8.1 CI=5.4-12-2), age (OR=3.1, CI=2.3-4.1) and chronic migraine (OR=3.8, C.I=1.8-7.8) as determinant factors for the development of SB. In one case-control study, patients with genetic polymorphisms were more likely to present SB (OR=4.3, CI=1.6-11.3). Smoking (OR=2.8, CI=2.2-3.5) and alcohol intake (OR=1.9, CI=1.2-2.8) showed moderate association in two case-control studies.

Conclusions: History of SB during childhood, gastro-esophageal reflux disease and genetic polymorphisms seem to be important risk factors associated to SB in adults. Dry mouth on awakening seems to be a protective factor. Association does not infer with causality. Even if the evidence emerged from the considered studies was clinically relevant, further studies are requested to better understand the biological mechanisms behind the described associations.

Keywords: Adults; Review; Risk factors; Sleep bruxism.

Publication types

Review
Systematic Review

MeSH terms

Adult
Humans
Risk Factors
Sleep Bruxism / etiology*