Olfaction and gustation play critical roles during the host-location search process of insects. Several chemosensory receptor genes are thought to be involved in providing specificity to the olfactory sensory neuron responses. The aphid endoparasitoid, Aphidius gifuensis, has been used as a biological control agent against a variety of aphid species; this parasitoid is able to detect its target host(s) effectively during the parasitic process. To understand the mechanism of host detection in A. gifuensis, we assembled specific antennal transcriptomes of each sex through next generation sequencing technology to identify the major chemosensory receptor genes. Using a bioinformatics screen, we identified 100 olfactory receptors candidates (62 odorant receptors, 15 gustatory receptors, and 23 ionotropic receptors) from the sex-specific antennal transcriptome. In addition, combining with the demonstrated functions of chemosensory genes in other insects, the sex-, tissue-, and host-specific expression profile of chemosensory genes potentially revealed the candidate physiological functions. The identification and expression profile of chemosensory receptor genes in A. gifuensis provide valuable information for understanding and investigating the intraspecific or interspecific chemical communications in the solitary parasitic wasps.