Hepcidin represents a family of cysteine-rich antimicrobial peptides that are mainly expressed in the liver of living organisms. In this study, we have identified and characterised a novel isoform of hepcidin from the common pony fish, Leiognathus equulus (Le-Hepc). A 261-bp fragment cDNA coding for 86 amino acids was obtained. Homologous analysis showed that Le-Hepc belongs to the hepcidin super family and shares sequence identity with other known fish pre-propeptide hepcidin sequences. The ORF encodes for a 24-amino acid (aa) signal peptide coupled to a 36-aa prodomain followed by a 26-aa mature peptide. The mature peptide region has a calculated molecular weight of 2.73 kDa, a net positive charge of +2 and a theoretical pI of 8.23. Phylogenetic analysis of Le-Hepc showed a strong relationship with other fish hepcidin sequences and clustered into HAMP2 group hepcidins. Secondary structural analysis indicated that Le-Hepc mature peptide contains two antiparallel β-sheets strengthened by four disulphide bonds formed by eight conserved cysteine residues. The physicochemical properties of the peptide and its structural parameters are in agreement with characteristic features of an antimicrobial peptide. This is the first report of an antimicrobial peptide from the common pony fish, L. equulus.
Keywords: Antimicrobial peptide; HAMP2; Hepcidin; Leiognathus equulus; Pony fish.