Tendons and Ligaments: Connecting Developmental Biology to Musculoskeletal Disease Pathogenesis

J Bone Miner Res. 2017 Sep;32(9):1773-1782. doi: 10.1002/jbmr.3199. Epub 2017 Jul 13.

Abstract

Tendons and ligaments provide connections between muscle and bone or bone and bone to enable locomotion. Damage to tendons and ligaments caused by acute or chronic injury or associated with aging and arthritis is a prevalent cause of disability. Improvements in approaches for the treatment of these conditions depend on a better understanding of tendon and ligament development, cell biology, and pathophysiology. This review focuses on recent advances in the discovery of transcription factors that control ligament and tendon cell differentiation, how cell and extracellular matrix homeostasis are altered in disease, and how this new insight can lead to novel therapeutic approaches. © 2017 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Keywords: ARTHRITIS; Egr1/2; LIGAMENT; Mkx; Scx; TENDON.

Publication types

  • Review

MeSH terms

  • Aging / metabolism*
  • Aging / pathology
  • Animals
  • Arthritis / metabolism*
  • Arthritis / pathology
  • Extracellular Matrix Proteins / metabolism
  • Humans
  • Ligaments / metabolism*
  • Ligaments / pathology
  • Tendon Injuries / metabolism*
  • Tendon Injuries / pathology
  • Tendons / metabolism*
  • Tendons / pathology
  • Transcription Factors / metabolism

Substances

  • Extracellular Matrix Proteins
  • Transcription Factors