Rare Earth pcu Metal-Organic Framework Platform Based on RE4(μ3-OH)4(COO)62+ Clusters: Rational Design, Directed Synthesis, and Deliberate Tuning of Excitation Wavelengths

Abstract

The T_d point group symmetry of rare earth (RE³⁺) metal clusters RE₄(μ₃-OH)₄(COO)₆²⁺ makes them attractive building blocks for creating metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) with controllable topologies. Herein, we describe the design and synthesis of a series of isoreticular MOFs featuring pcu topology [MOF-1114(RE) and MOF-1115(RE)] with variable rare earth metal ions (RE³⁺ = Y³⁺, Sm³⁺, Eu³⁺, Gd³⁺, Tb³⁺, Dy³⁺, Ho³⁺, Er³⁺, Tm³⁺, Yb³⁺) and linear amino-functionalized dicarboxylate linkers of different lengths. In total, we report 22 MOFs that vary in both composition and structure yet share the same RE₄(μ₃-OH)₄ cluster motif. We demonstrate that these pcu MOFs are cationic and that anion exchange can be used to affect the MOF properties. We also investigate the luminescence properties of a representative member of this MOF series [MOF-1114(Yb)] that exhibits near-infrared emission. We show that the excitation energy for Yb³⁺ sensitization can be carefully adjusted to lower energy via covalent postsynthetic modification at the amino group sites within the MOF.